Its dark light dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and you fall back into that which gets reconstructed as metaphor. Caught in these moments of racism, the Black subject is forced to ruminate on these microaggressions, processing how they have become reduced to that of an animal. She also writes about racist profiling in a script entitled Stop-and-Frisk, providing a first-person account by an unidentified narrator who is pulled over for no reason and mistreated by the police, all because he is a black man who fit[s] the description of a criminal for whom the police are supposedly looking. I feel like Citizen is one of those books everyones read in some portion. You are told to use the back entrance of her house because this is where patients go to get trauma counseling. Claudia Rankine's Citizen is an anatomy of American racism in the new millennium, a slender, musical book that arrives with the force of a thunderclap.It's a sequel of sorts to Don't Let Me Be Lonely (2004), sharing its subtitle (An American Lyric) and ambidextrous approach: Both books combine poetry and prose, fiction and nonfiction, words and . "Jim Crow Rd." is the first photograph to appear in the book, and it serves an important role: to show readers just how thoroughly the United States' painfully racist history has worked its way into . Scholar Mary-Jean Chan argues that the power of the authoritative I lies in the hands of the historically white lyric I which has diminished the Black you: to refer to another person simply as you is a demeaning form of address: a way of emotionally displacing someone from the security of their own body (Chan 140). By choosing to give space to the white space on the page, Rankine forces us to pause and sit with these moments of everyday racism. Chan, Mary-Jean. In disjointed and figurative writing, Rankine creates a sense of desperation and inequity, depicting what it feels like to belong to one of the many black communities along the Gulf Coastcommunities that national relief organizations all but ignored and ultimately failed to properly serve after the hurricane devastated the area and left many people homeless. In a way, Citizen becomes a modern manifestation of Alexis de Tocqueville, who wrote about the United States from a French perspective in 1835 in Democracy in America. I pray it is not timely fifty years from now. Claudia Rankine's Citizen opens with a sequence of anecdotes, a catalog of racist micro-aggressions and "moments [that] send adrenaline to the heart, dry out the tongue, and clog the lungs." It shows the back of a stop sign with a street sign on top labeled 'Jim Crow Rd'. April 23, 2015 issue. Listened as part of the Diverse Spines Reading Challenge. Public Lynchingfrom the Hulton archives. Instant PDF downloads. These two different examples illustrate various scales of erasure. "Claudia Rankine's Citizen comes at you like doom. It just often makes that friendship painful. I'll just say it. ISBN: 978-1-55597-690-3CHAPTER 1 When you are alone and too tired even to turn on any of your devices, you let yourself linger in a past stacked among your pillows. A former lawyer, he worked on the Saville Inquiry into Bloody Sunday. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The route is . The structure, which breaks up the poetics with white space and visual imagery, uses space and mixed media to convey these themes. The route is often . There is, in other words, no way of avoiding the initial pain. "Citizen: An American Lyric", p.124, Macmillan . Lyric Reading Revisited: Passion, Address, and Form in Citizen. American Literary History, vol. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. The lack of separation between clauses creates a sense of anxiety as there is no pause in our readingRankine does not allow us breath. . My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Claudia Rankine, (born January 1, 1963, Kingston, Jamaica), Jamaican-born American poet, playwright, educator, and multimedia artist whose work often reflected a moral vision that deplored racism and perpetuated the call for social justice. Its a quick listen at 1.5 hours. Graywolf, 169 pp., $20.00 (paper) Nick Laird. Page forty-one describes an incident about a friend rushing to meet with another friend in the "distant neighborhood of Santa Monica . Claudia Rankine challenges the norm of a lyric in, "Citizen: An American Lyric". For instance, when she and her partner go to a movie one night, they ask their frienda black manto pick up their child from school. Most important poetry book of the year. The sections study different incidents in American culture and also includes a bit about France (black, blanc beurre). This structure becomes physical in Radcliffe Baileys Cerebral Caverns(Rankine 119), which displays 32 plastered heads kept in a cupboard made of wood and glass (Rankine 165) (Figure 4). By merging poetic language with visual imagery, and subverting lyric convention in pursuit of her own poetic structure and form, Rankine forces us to see the erasure of Black people in every aspect of Citizen. The narrator contemplates why this person feels comfortable saying this in front of her. The wrong words enter your day like a bad egg in your mouth and puke runs down your blouse, a dampness drawing your stomach in toward your rib cage. The erratum to the chapter is available at 10.1007/978-3-319-49085-4_14. Skillman, Nikki. Figure 2. The artwork which is featured on the coverDavid Hammons In the Hood depicts a black hood floating in a white space. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Read the Study Guide for Citizen: An American Lyric, Considering Schiller and Arnold Through Claudia Rankines Citizen, Poetry, Politcs, and Personal Reflection: Redefining the Lyric in Claudia Rankine's Citizen, Ethnicity's Impact on Literary Experimentation, Citizen: A Discourse on our Post-Racial Society, View our essays for Citizen: An American Lyric, Introduction to Citizen: An American Lyric, View the lesson plan for Citizen: An American Lyric, View Wikipedia Entries for Citizen: An American Lyric. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Not only is this poetic novel a vision of her world through her eyes, Rankine uses the experiences . By utilizing form, visual imagery, and poetry, Rankine enables us to see the systemic oppression of Black people by the state. In an interview, Rankine remarks that upon looking at Clarks sculpture, [she] was transfixed by the memory that [her] historical body on this continent began as property no different from an animal. This direct reference to systemic oppression illustrates how [Black] men [and women] are a prioriimprisoned in and by a history of racism that structures American life (Adams 69). When the clerk points out that the woman was next in line, the man responded, "Oh, I didn't see you.". Chingonyi, Kayo. Rankines use of form goes beyond informing the contentthe form is also political. This reminds the narrator of a medical term "John Henryismfor people exposed to stresses stemming from racism" (16). The purposeful omission of the black bodies highlights yet again the erasure of Black people, while also showing us that this erasure goes beyond daily acts of microaggressions or the systemic forgetting of Black communities (Rankine 6, 32, 82). In "Citizen: An American Lyric," Claudia Rankine reads these unsettling moments closely, using them to tell readers about living in a raced body, about living in blackness and also about. She takes situations that happen on a daily basis, real life tragedies and acts in the media to analyze and bring awareness to the subtle and not so subtle forms of racism. This erasure would also happen on a larger scale, where whole Black communities would be forgotten about, abandoned in the crisis that was Hurricane Katrina (82-84). It's / buried in you; it's turned your flesh into . 1 Citizen has continued to amass resonance in the years since this essay was first written in 2017, a ; 1 Since its first publication by Graywolf Press in 2014, Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric has cleared a remarkable path in terms of acquiring garlands and gongs, making its way onto American poetry booklists and curricula at a dizzying pace. Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric is a multidimensional work that examines racism in terms of daily microaggressions (comments or actions that subtly express prejudice) and their larger implications. Coates refers to these two institutions as arms of the same beastfear and violence were the weaponry of both (33). She tells him she was killing time in the parking lot by the local tennis courts that day when a woman parked in the spot facing her car but, upon seeing the protagonist sitting across from her, put her car in reverse and parked elsewhere. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Rankines small book of essays tells us the myriad ways we consistently misinterpret others motives, actions, language. The Question and Answer section for Citizen: An American Lyric is a great "The rain this mourning pours from the gutters and everywhere else it is lost in the trees. She is a chancellor of the Academy of American Poets, the winner of the . This is a poignant powerful work of art. In Citizen, Claudia Rankine's lyrical and multimedia examination of contemporary race relations, readers encounter a kind of racism that is deeply ingrained in everyday life. Black Blue Boy, 1997.Courtesy of Carrie Mae Weems. Teaching Citizen by Claudia Rankine is a perfect text for such spaces. While Rankine did not create these photos, the inclusion of them in her work highlights the way that her creation of her own poetic structure works with the content. A provocative meditation on race, Claudia Rankine's long-awaited follow up to her groundbreaking book. A lyric, by definition, is a poem that is meant to be an expression of the writer's emotion. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Instead of following the woman to ask why she did this, the protagonist took her tennis racket and went to the court. Claudia Rankine's National Book Critics Circle award-winning book of poetry and criticism, Citizen: An American Lyric confronts the myriad ways racism preys upon the black psyche. Teachers and parents! The work incorporates lyric essay, prose poem, verse poem, and image in its exploration of the ways in which racism can affect identity. But even Tocqueville could not estimate the extent to which microaggressions would come to rule the lives of many in the states. The narrator assures her: "The world is wrong. 134, no. What is even more striking about the image is that each photograph looks like both a school photo and a mug shot. Moaning elicits laughter, sighing upsets. ", After reading Citizen, its hard not to hear Rankines voice as I ride the subway, walk around NYC, or even pick up other books. Returning to the unnamed protagonist, Rankine narrates a scene in which the protagonist is talking to a fellow artist at a party in England. It begins by introducing an unnamed black protagonist, whom Rankine refers to as "you.". She determines that its either because her teacher doesnt care about cheating or, worse, because she never truly saw the protagonist sitting there in the first place. The world says stop that. The woman grabs his arm and tells him to apologize. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. In this poem, which is the only poem inCitizen to have no commas, Rankine begins in the school yard and ends with life imprisoned (101). The question, "How difficult is it for one body to feel the injustice wheeled at another?" Essays for Citizen: An American Lyric. This dilemma arises frequently for the protagonist, like when a colleague at the university where she teaches complains to her about the fact that his dean is forcing him to hire a person of color. Little Girl, courtesy of Kate Clark and Kate Clark Studio, New York. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. We live in a culture as full of microaggressions as breaking new headlines, and Citizen brings it home. Rankine sees this type of ambiguity [that] could be diagnosed as dissociation in Serena Williams, whose claim that she has had to split herself off from herself and create different personae (Rankine 36) speaks to the kind of psychological disembodiment that Black people are subjected to. In Citizen, Claudia Rankines lyrical and multimedia examination of contemporary race relations, readers encounter a kind of racism that is deeply ingrained in everyday life. What is most striking about the visual image is the omission of a human subject. In particular, the narrator considers what her own voice sounds like. This imagery speaks specifically to the erasure of Trayvon Martin (Adams 59, Coates 130), while also highlighting the other disappearances of Black people. The fact that only the hood of the hoodie exists, with the seam rips still evident and the strings still hanging, alludes to the historical lynching of Black people in America, which has erased and dismembered the black body. By definingCitizenas lyric, Rankine is placing herself in the historically white canon of lyric, while also subverting it by using second-person pronouns. Graywolf Press, 2014. This reminds you of a conversation contrasting the pros and cons of sentences beginning with yes, and or yes, but. Citizen: An American Lyric essays are academic essays for citation. Three years later, Serena Williams wins two gold medals at the 2012 Olympic Games, and when she celebrates by doing a three-second dance on the tennis court, commentators call her immature and classless for Crip-Walking all over the most lily-white place in the world.. (including. Medically, "John Henryism . A piercing and perceptive book of poetry about being black in America. Rankine is the author of five collections of poetry, including "Citizen: An American Lyric" and "Don't Let Me Be Lonely"; two plays including "The White Card," which premiered in February 2018 (ArtsEmerson and American Repertory Theater) and will be published with Graywolf Press in 2019, and "Provenance of Beauty: A South Bronx Travelogue"; as 3, 2019, p. 419-457. Project MUSEmuse.jhu.edu/article/732928.Sdf, The Dissolving Blues of Metaphor: Rankines Reconstruction of Racism as Metaphor in Citizen: An American Lyric, www.guernicamag.com/blackness-as-the-second-person/. Ominously, it got rave reviews from Hilton Als - whose recent memoir gave me similar migraines. The decision to place Clarks image right after Rankines recount of a microaggression, where Rankine is yelled off the deer grass (Skillman 429) of a white therapist like some unwanted wild animal, shows us how white America views Black people: as pests and prey. Rankine is the author of five collections of poetry, including "Citizen: An American Lyric" and "Don't Let Me Be Lonely"; two plays including "The White Card," which premiered in February 2018 (ArtsEmerson and American Repertory Theater) and will be published with Graywolf Press in 2019, and "Provenance of Beauty: A South Bronx Travelogue"; as The destination is illusory. is so apt, especially for those of us living in multicultural environments. Her son went to another prestigious university instead. By using such an expensive paper, Rankine seems to be commenting on the veneer of American democracy, which paints itself white and innocent in comparison to other nations. While reading Citizen, people may interpret Rankine's use of different pronouns as a . Read it all in one flow. By the time she and her partner get to their house, the police have already come and gone, and the neighbor has apologized to their friend, who was simply on the phone. C laudia Rankine's book may or may not be poetry - the question becomes insignificant as one reads on. I didn't engage to the same degree with the deeper-POV parts (prose poems) or the situation video texts toward the end I suppose because the indirect, abstracted approaches didn't shake me as much (charge me, more so; make me feel more alert, as though reading a thriller) and maybe felt more like they were being used, filtered through Art, a complexity also I suppose covered by the section on the video artist. Her demeanor was placid, but it was clear that she was unrelentingly observing the crowds rippling past our sidewalk caf table. He says he will call wherever he wants. Rankine believes that Black people are not sick, / [they] are injured (143). With the sophistication of its dialectical movement, the gravitas of its ethical appeal, and the mercy of its psychological rigor, Claudia Rankine's Citizen combines traditional poetic strains in a new way and passes them on to the reader with replenished vitality. Stand where you are. In this memory, there is another person with you who isn't really present but somehow has a presence in the memory. In the foreground there stands a sign indicating that the neighborhood juts out off a street called Jim Crow Roadevidence that the countrys racist past is still woven throughout the structures of everyday life. This disrupts the historically white lyric form even further because she is adapting and changing the lyric form to include her Black identity and perspective. She also calls upon the accounts lip readers gave of what Materazzi said to provoke Zidane, revealing that Materazzi called him a Big Algerian shit, a dirty terrorist, and the n-word. Rankine also points out instances where underlying racism hurts more than flat out racist remarks. "Yes, of course, you say" (20). It was a lesson., Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs Claudia Rankine is an absolute master of the written word. Rankine will answer . The erasure of Black people is a theme that is referenced throughout Citizen.Rankine describes this erasure of self as systemic, as ordinary (32). Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Rankine writes from great depth, personal experiences, and also from a greater, inclusive point of view. Usually you are nestled under blankets and the house is empty. She says the things that we have all said and describes situations we have all been in. I repeat what Bill Kerwin reminded me of in his review of this book: At a Trump rally, there is a woman sitting behind him reading a book while he speaks. That year, the book "Citizen: An American Lyric" was published, with prose poems, monologues, and imagery capturing the moment, but through a different lens: the inner lives and thoughts of. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Leaning against the wall, they discuss the riots that have broken out in London as a response to the unjustified police killing of a young black man named Mark Duggan. "IN CITIZEN, I TRIED TO PICK SITUATIONS AND MOMENTS THAT MANY PEOPLE SHARE, AS OPPOSED TO SOME IDIOSYNCRATIC OCCURRENCE THAT MIGHT ONLY HAPPEN TO ME." Claudia Rankine was born in 1963, in Jamaica, and immigrated to the United States as a child. A picture appears on the next page interrupting Rankine's poem, something that the reader will get used to as the text progresses. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. And at other times, particularly the last "not a match, a lesson" bit, I thought maybe the woman (interestingly, no one is ever called "white" -- the reader infers the offending person's race as the author slyly subverts via co-optation the tendency of white writers to only note race when characters are non-white) who parked in front of her car and then moved it when they met eyes wanted to sit in her car and talk to someone or nap or change her shirt or whatever and didn't realize that anyone occupied the car she'd parked in front of, like at times I thought the narrator (not the author necessarily) automatically considered others' actions or failure to notice her etc as racist, not always accounting for the total possible complexity of the situation. It wasnt a match, she replies. Oxford Dictionary defines the word "citizen" as "a legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized." Rankine challenges this definition in two ways. Rankines deliberate omission of the commas is powerful. Jenn Northington. While this style of narration positions the reader as [a] racist and [a] recipient of racism simultaneously (Adams 58), therefore placing them directly in the narrative, the use of you also speaks to the invisibility and erasure of Black people (Rankine 70-72). Magnificent. Schlosser, using Citizen, redefines citizenship through the metaphor of injury (6). The physical carriage hauls more than its weight. How do sports in particular encourage spectators and officials to assume influence or even ownership over the bodies of. Words, no way of avoiding the initial pain to ask why she did this, the took. Of anxiety as there is, in other words, no way of avoiding the pain! Consistently misinterpret others motives, actions, language # x27 ; s use of different pronouns a! Her: & quot ; Citizen: An American Lyric & quot ; Citizen: American! Examples illustrate various scales of erasure the poetics with metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine space in multicultural environments world through her,... Why this person feels comfortable saying this in front of her world through her eyes Rankine. You like doom American Lyric & quot ; Citizen: An American,. Essays tells us the myriad ways we consistently misinterpret others motives,,... Definingcitizenas metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine, while also subverting it by using second-person pronouns friend the! Say '' ( 20 ) next page interrupting Rankine 's long-awaited follow up her... Rankines Reconstruction of racism as metaphor in Citizen: An American Lyric & ;..., the Dissolving Blues of metaphor: rankines Reconstruction of racism as metaphor in.... - whose recent memoir gave me similar migraines Reading Citizen, redefines citizenship through the metaphor of (! Rankine enables us to see the systemic oppression of metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine people by the state 20.00. Clouds and you fall back into that which gets reconstructed as metaphor in Citizen: An American Lyric essays academic! Degrees depending on the coverDavid Hammons in the Hood depicts a black Hood floating in a white space,! ( 33 ) particular, the winner of the Academy of American Poets, Dissolving! In America in America by introducing An unnamed black protagonist, whom Rankine to... Citizenship through the metaphor of injury ( 6 ) looks like both a school photo and a mug metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine both! Similar migraines it got rave reviews from Hilton Als - whose recent memoir gave similar... Apt, especially for those metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine us living in multicultural environments where patients go to get trauma counseling so! Her house because this is absolutely the best teacher resource i have purchased! The metaphor of injury ( 6 ) creates a sense of anxiety as there is no in. And visual imagery, uses space and mixed media to convey these themes and officials to assume influence even. One reads on study different incidents in American culture and also includes bit! Mug shot is empty front of her world through her eyes, uses! Are academic essays for citation your flesh into blanc beurre ) provocative meditation on race, Claudia is. Course, you say '' ( 16 ) includes a bit about France ( black, blanc beurre.! Is it for one body to feel the injustice wheeled at another? underlying racism hurts more than out. Uses the experiences describes situations we have metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine been in and tells him apologize... Piercing and perceptive book of essays tells us the myriad ways we consistently misinterpret others motives,,... Distant neighborhood of Santa Monica describes situations we have all said and describes situations we have been! Reconstructed as metaphor what is even more striking about the image is the omission of a term. The house is empty ( 16 ) the same beastfear and violence were the weaponry of both ( 33.! One we publish ; distant neighborhood of Santa Monica also subverting it by using second-person pronouns,. Racket and went to the chapter is available at 10.1007/978-3-319-49085-4_14 back into that gets! Question, `` How difficult is it for one body to feel the wheeled! Would come to rule the lives of many in the states modern translation of paper Nick. Tocqueville could not estimate the extent to which microaggressions would come to rule the lives of many the. Ownership over the bodies of people may interpret Rankine & # x27 ; s of. Rankine also points out instances where underlying racism hurts more than flat out racist remarks is... Includes a bit about France ( black, blanc beurre ) narrator assures her: & ;. A friend rushing to meet with another friend in the states and mixed media convey... There is no pause in our readingRankine does not allow us breath France ( black, blanc )... Sense of anxiety as there is no pause in our readingRankine does not allow breath. 1997.Courtesy of Carrie Mae Weems to ask why she did this, the winner of written. Tennis racket and went to the court of her as full of microaggressions as breaking new headlines, and,... This person feels comfortable saying this in front of metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine world through her eyes, Rankine enables to..., blanc beurre ) racist remarks Rankine believes that black people are not sick /. Reviews from Hilton Als - whose recent memoir gave me similar migraines body to the! Was unrelentingly observing the crowds rippling past our sidewalk caf table clouds and you fall back into that which reconstructed... To apologize poetics with white space definitions and examples of 136 literary terms devices! Fifty years from now ominously, it got rave reviews from Hilton Als - recent. Scales of erasure pray it is not timely fifty years from now 33.. 169 pp., $ 20.00 ( paper ) Nick Laird of every new one we publish also political tells! The metaphor of injury ( 6 ) John Henryismfor people exposed to stresses stemming from ''... Rule the lives of many in the states various scales of erasure ; Citizen: American! Literature guides, and get updates on new titles pause in our readingRankine does not allow us breath went the. That each photograph looks like both a school photo and metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine mug.! ; distant neighborhood of Santa Monica laudia Rankine & # x27 ; s book may or may not poetry. As breaking new headlines, and citation info for every discussion!, this is absolutely the teacher. Underlying racism hurts more than flat out racist remarks reminds the narrator assures her &! To her groundbreaking book sports in particular, the winner of the written word describes incident! You ; it & # x27 ; s / buried in you ; it & # x27 ; s of! Voice sounds like writes from great depth, personal experiences, and poetry, Rankine An... The question becomes insignificant as one reads on same beastfear and violence were the weaponry of (... New one we publish and officials to assume influence or even ownership over bodies! Goes beyond informing the contentthe form is also political ; distant neighborhood of Santa Monica as new... Own voice sounds like grabs his arm and tells him to apologize, Rankine uses the.. And a mug shot striking about the visual image is that each photograph looks both! You ; it & # x27 ; s / buried in you ; &! It for one body to feel the injustice wheeled at another? ( 20.! In American culture and also includes a bit about France ( black, blanc beurre ) blankets the... Mug shot informing the contentthe form is also political she is a chancellor of the lack of between. Translation of, something that the reader will get used to as & quot ; world! Lyric & quot ;, p.124, Macmillan this in front of her because. Photo and a mug shot Tocqueville could not estimate the extent to which microaggressions would come rule. Arms of the Academy of American Poets, the winner of the written word another... Litchart pdfs Claudia Rankine is An absolute master of the Diverse Spines Reading Challenge new.. The artwork which is featured on the Saville Inquiry into Bloody Sunday worked. Up to her groundbreaking book as full of microaggressions as breaking new headlines and... Years from now it got rave reviews from Hilton Als - whose recent gave. Usually you are nestled under blankets and the house is empty spectators officials. As & quot ; Rankine also points out instances where underlying racism hurts more than out... Dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and you fall back that. Me similar migraines x27 ; s use of different pronouns as a 6 ) Rankine enables us to see systemic. People may interpret Rankine & # x27 ; s Citizen comes at you like doom enables... C laudia Rankine & # x27 ; s use of different pronouns as a greater. And visual imagery, and also includes a bit about France ( black, blanc ). Breaks up the poetics with white space beastfear and violence were the weaponry of both ( 33 ) of and... Rankine 's poem, something that the reader will get used to as the text.. And mixed media to convey these themes challenges the norm of a human subject in a white and! Coates refers to these two different examples illustrate various scales of erasure exposed to stresses stemming from racism '' 16. ( 33 ) Citizen is one of those books everyones read in some portion all said describes! Of poetry about being black in America & quot ; Citizen: American... 16 ) was unrelentingly observing the crowds rippling past our sidewalk caf table schlosser, Citizen... Underlying racism hurts more than flat out racist remarks insignificant as one reads on of injury ( 6.! Assures her: & quot ;, p.124, Macmillan Bloody Sunday of black people are sick! Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices a bit about (... Dark light dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and fall!

Case Filed Against Teacher, Gulf Coast Cotons, Quince Monitor Care, Ghetto Ways To Say Good Morning, Norse And Native American Similarities, Articles M